Journal of Animal Science and Animal Nutrition

Modified technique for estimating total body water in live animals using Antipyrine substance for measuring thermal tolerances

Alsaied Alnaimy Mostafa Habeeb, Mostafa Abas Abdel-Moneim Atta, Ahmed Kamel Sharaf

Estimating the total body water (TBW) in the live animals using the Antipyrine (ANP) substance as a modified technique was the first objective of this research. TBW was estimated in vivo in ten native bovine calves using the conventional method (extrapolation technique) and also by the suggested modified method (equilibration technique). The averages of TBW in native bovine calves were 136.5±16 and 133.1±16 liters by convention and modified technique, respectively, without significant differences between the two techniques. The accuracy of the modified technique was 97.5 % as compared with the convention method and at the same time, the new method is an easy, simple, accurate and quick technique and more reliable. 

The importance of livestock nutrition

Suryakiran Navath

Meat, dairy, and eggs are just some of the products we obtain from livestock for our food and process industries. Animals reared for meat make a large chunk of our livestock, considering the ever-increasing global demand for it. Advancements in livestock technology and selective breeding have allowed us to gain a higher yield, but all these efforts mean next to nothing if livestock nutrition isn’t monitored and managed carefully. Let’s look at why livestock nutrition is important.

Analysis of the lipid profile, activity of antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory molecules after vitamin D supplementation in an experimental model of dietinduced atherosclerosis

Juliana Gonçalves Carvalho, Anita L. R. Saldanha, Thiago Simão Gomes, Ana Paula Pantoja Margeotto, Andre L. Valera Gasparoto, Tania Leme da Rocha Martinez, Silvia Saiuli Miki Ihara

Low levels of vitamin D increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study is to verify the effects of vitamin D in an experimental model of rabbits fed a diet rich in lard / sucrose / cholesterol (LSC). The cholesterol-fed rabbit model is notable for rapid development of aortic lesions and low cost for maintenance, being a typical diet for induction of atherosclerosis, supplementation of 0.5% to 4% of cholesterol in about 8 to 16 weeks. Considering a possible protective effect of vitamin D on the cardiovascular and hypercholesterolemic/hyperglycemic diet, as an important risk factor, in this study, we examined the action of vitamin D in an experimental model of rabbits fed a diet plus cholesterol, lard and sucrose, analyzing inflammatory molecules such as ICAM-1, MCP-1 and e-NO in the aorta; activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), as well as lipid profile parameters. The levels of total cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL-c showed a considerable decrease when we compare the results of the 12th and 24th week. The number of animals was the limiting factor of our study, further analysis should be made to understand the mechanism of vitamin D in experimental atherosclerosis.

Reactive Oxygen Species, Programmed Cell Death (PCD), and Role of Mitochondria

M Md Ehsanul Haque, Shanaj Parvin

Plant PCD differs genetically and morphologically from the mechanisms of fungi and animals. For instance, classical PCD typically features mitochondrial morphology transition (MMT), condensation of the cytoplasm and its shrinking, detachment of the plasma membrane from the cell wall (in case of fungi), and nuclear condensation.There is now compelling evidence that mitochondria integrate diverse cellular stress signals and initiate the death execution pathway in animals. On the flip-side involvement of mitochondria in regulating PCD in plants is not well known. This review article will help to answer the following questions; how PCD is required for resistance? How PCD and other resistant responses are dependent on each other?How PCD is regulated and is PCDs the same for all pathogens?

Astaxanthin: A Powerful Antioxidant Used in Aquaculture for Coloration with Aquatic Animal Health Implications

Shaylee Martling, Jill M. Voorhees, Maggie J. Erlenbusch, Isabe, Nachtigal, Michael E. Barnes

Aquaculture has become a major producer of food for human consumption. In 2020, 56% of the seafood eaten by people was grown; 44% was obtained via wild capture [1]. In addition, aquaculture accounted for 83% of the freshwater aquatic animals consumed, with both freshwater and saltwater production split approximately equally between aquaculture and the harvest of wild stocks [1]. Feed ingredients that maximize growth, maintain health, and improve the appearance of aquatic animals are essential to the continued growth of aquaculture. One important ingredient is astaxanthin, which is a xanthophyll, an oxidized form of β-carotene naturally synthesized by lower trophic level organisms such as microalgae, yeast, and some microbes [2-4]. It is also synthetically manufactured [5,6]. Astaxanthin has historically and widely been used in aquaculture as a pigment to color fish flesh [7-10]. However, fish and shellfish grown in aquaculture cannot synthesize astaxanthin de novo [2,11,12]. It must be included in their diets [13,14].